Relative Pronouns

      Relative Pronouns            

A relative pronoun is a pronoun that introduces an adjective clause. In English, the relative pronouns are:

§  That

§  Which

§  Who

§  Whom

§  Whose

A relative pronoun is used to start a description for a noun. (This description is called an adjective clause or a relative clause.) The description comes after the noun to:

(1) Identify it.

For example:

Ø  The lady who made your dress is waiting outside.

(The noun is the lady. The relative pronoun is who. The adjective clause identifying the lady is shaded.)

Ø  I saw the dog which ate the cake.

(The noun being identified is the dog.)

Ø  We did not know the tune that had been playing..

(The noun being identified is the tune.)

(2) Tell us more information about it.

For example:

v  Mrs.Miggins, who owns a pie shop, is waiting outside.

(The noun is Mrs.Miggins. The adjective clause tells us some information about her.)

v  I rode my bike, which now had two flat tyres, back home.

(The noun is my bike. The adjective clause tells us some information about it.)

Relative Pronouns (for People and Things)

Your choice of relative pronoun is determined by whether it refers to a person or a thing. Your choices are: Who and whom refer to people.
 Which refers to things. 
That and whose refer to people or things.

Note: Be aware that a fair proportion of your readers will not like you using that for people. It is good advice to avoid using that for people, especially in formal writing.
References:http://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/relative_pronouns.html

Compound Sentence

Compound Sentence

A compound sentence refers to a sentence made up of two independent clauses (or complete sentences) connected to one another with a coordinating conjunction. Coordinating conjunctions are easy to remember if you think of the words "FAN BOYS":

v  For

v  And

v  Nor

v  But

v  Or

v  Yet

v  So

Examples of compound sentences include the following:

Ø  Joe waited for the train, but the train was late.

Ø  I looked for Mary and Samantha at the bus station, but they arrived at the station before noon and left on the bus before I arrived.

Ø  Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before noon, and they left on the bus before I arrived.

Ø  Mary and Samantha left on the bus before I arrived, so I did not see them at the bus station.

Tips: If you rely heavily on compound sentences in an essay, you should consider revising some of them into complex sentences (explained below).Coordinating conjunctions are useful for connecting sentences, but compound sentences often are overused. While coordinating conjunctions can indicate some type of relationship between the two independent clauses in the sentence, they sometimes do not indicate much of a relationship. The word "and," for example, only adds one independent clause to another, without indicating how the two parts of a sentence are logically related. Too many compound sentences that use "and" can weaken writing. Clearer and more specific relationships can be established through the use of complex sentence

References: http://www2.ivcc.edu/rambo/eng1001/sentences.htm

Gap-Fill Exercise

Tugu Yogyakarta

Gap-Fill Exercise

Descriptive Text

Descriptive text

Descriptive text is a text which say what a person or a thing is like. Its purpose is to describeand reveal a particular person, place, or thing.

The Generic Structure of Descriptive Text

 Descriptive text has structure as below:

v  Identification; identifying the phenomenon to be described.

v  Description; describing the phenomenon in parts, qualities, or/and characteristics.

The Language Feature of Descriptive Text

Ø  Using attributive and identifying process.

Ø  Using adjective and classifiers in nominal group.

Ø  Using simple present tense                          

Compound Sentence

Simple Sentence